Commonly Asked Java Programming VIVA Questions and Answers

Top 30 Viva Questions & Answers for Java Developers:

1.What is JVM?
The Java interpreter along with the run time environment required to run the Java application in called as Java virtual machine(JVM)

 2. What is the most important feature of Java?
Java is a platform independent language.

3. What do you mean by platform independence?
Platform independence means that we can write and compile the java code in one platform (eg Windows) and can execute the class in any other supported platform eg (Linux,Solaris,etc).

 4. What is the difference between a JDK and a JVM?
JDK is Java Development Kit which is for development purpose and it includes execution environment also. But JVM is purely a run time environment and hence you will not be able to compile your source files using a JVM.

5. What is the base class of all classes?
java.lang.Object

 6. What are the access modifiers in Java?
There are 3 access modifiers. Public, protected and private, and the default one if no identifier is specified is called friendly, but programmer cannot specify the friendly identifier explicitly.

 7. What is are packages?
 A package is a collection of related classes and interfaces providing access protection and namespace   management.

 8. What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?
 Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of inheritance are reusability  of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class by sub classes.

 9. What is the difference between superclass and subclass?
 A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does the inheriting.

 10. What is an abstract class?
 An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for sub classes to fill in and is deliberately  incomplete.

 11. What are the states associated in the thread?
 Thread contains ready, running, waiting and dead states.

 12. What is synchronization?
 Synchronization is the mechanism that ensures that only one thread is accessed the resources at a time.

 13. What is deadlock?
 When two threads are waiting each other and can’t precede the program is said to be deadlock.

 14. What is an applet?
 Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displayed by a java capable browser

 15. What is the lifecycle of an applet?
init() method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded
start() method - Can be called each time an applet is started.
paint() method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or maximized.
stop() method - Can be used when the browser moves off the applet’s page.
destroy() method - Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet.


 16. How do you set security in applets?
  using setSecurity Manager() method

 17. What is a layout manager and what are different types of layout managers available in java AWT?
 A layout manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container. The different layouts are    available are FlowLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout, GridLayout and GridBagLayout

 18. What is JDBC?
 JDBC is a set of Java API for executing SQL statements. This API consists of a set of classes and interfaces to  enable programs to write pure Java Database applications.

 19. What are drivers available?
 a) JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver b) Native API Partly-Java driver
 c) JDBC-Net Pure Java driver d) Native-Protocol Pure Java driver

 20. What is stored procedure?
Stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that forms a logical unit and performs a particular task. Stored Procedures are used to encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on database. Stored procedures can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results and may have any combination of input/output parameters.

 21. What is the Java API?
The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components that provide many useful capabilities, such as graphical user interface (GUI) widgets.

 22. Why there are no global variables in Java?
Global variables are globally accessible. Java does not support globally accessible variables due to following reasons:
1)The global variables breaks the referential transparency
2)Global variables creates collisions in namespace.

 23. What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?
 Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general class actions.

 24. What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?
Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API and all packages.

 25. What is method overloading and method overriding?
Method overloading: When a method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method overloading. Method overriding : When a method in a class having the same method name with same arguments is said to be method overriding.

 26. What is the difference between this() and super()?
this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used to invoke a super class constructor.

 27. What is Domain Naming Service(DNS)?
It is very difficult to remember a set of numbers(IP address) to connect to the Internet. The Domain Naming Service(DNS) is used to overcome this problem. It maps one particular IP address to a string of characters. For example, www. mascom. com implies com is the domain name reserved for US commercial sites, moscom is the name of the company and www is the name of the specific computer, which is mascom’s server.

 28. What is URL?
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and it points to resource files on the Internet. URL has four components: http://www. address. com:80/index.html, where http - protocol name, address - IP address or host name, 80 - port number and index.html - file path.

 29. What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI object?
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allows java object that executes on one machine and to invoke the method of a Java object to execute on another machine. The steps involved in developing an RMI object are: a) Define the interfaces b) Implementing these interfaces c) Compile the interfaces and their implementations with the java compiler d) Compile the server implementation with RMI compiler e) Run the RMI registry f) Run the application.

30. What is RMI architecture?
RMI architecture consists of four layers and each layer performs specific functions: a) Application layer - contains the actual object definition. b) Proxy layer - consists of stub and skeleton. c) Remote Reference layer - gets the stream of bytes from the transport layer and sends it to the proxy layer. d) Transportation layer - responsible for handling the actual machine-to-machine communication.