Real Time Electrical Machine Design Interview Questions with Answers PDF
1. Define Ductility?
It is the property of the material enabling it to be drawn into wire, with the application of tensile force. It must be both strong and plastic. It is usually measured in terms of percentage elongation and reduction in area, (e.g.) Ni, Al, and Cu.
2. Define Fatigue?
When a material is subjected to repeated stress, it fails at stresses below the yield point stress; such type of failure of the material is called fatigue.
3. Define Factor Of Safety?
The ratio between maximum stresses to working stress is known as factor of safety.
Factor of safety = Maximum stress /Working stress
4. Define Endurance Limit?
Endurance limit is the maximum value of completely reversed stress that the standard specimen can sustain an infinite number (106) of cycles without failure.
5. What Is Impact Load?
If the time of load application is less than one third of the lowest natural period of vibration of the part, it is called an impact load.
The various phases of design process are:
Recognition of need.
Definition of problem
Synthesis
Analysis and optimization
Evaluation
Presentation
7. What Are The Different Types Of Loads That Can Act On Machine Components?
Different loads on machine components are:
Steady load.
Variable load.
Shock load
Impact load.
8. What Are The Factors Affecting Endurance Strength?
Factors affecting endurance strength are
Load ii. Surface finish
Size
Temperature
Impact
Reliability
9. What Are The Types Of Variable Stresses?
Types of variable stresses are:
Completely reversed or cyclic stresses
Fluctuating stresses
Repeated stresses
10. Differentiate Between Repeated Stress And Reversed Stress?
Repeated stress refers to a stress varying from zero to a maximum value of same nature.
Reversed stress of cyclic stress varies from one value of tension to the same value of compression.
11. What Are The Types Of Fracture?
The two types of fracture are
Ductile fracture
Brittle fracture
12. Distinguish Between Brittle Fracture And Ductile Fracture?
In brittle fracture, crack growth is up to a small depth of the material.
In ductile fracture large amount of plastic deformation is present to a higher depth.
13. Define Stress Concentration And Stress Concentration Factor?
Stress concentration is the increase in local stresses at points of rapid change in cross section or discontinuities.
Stress concentration factor is the ratio of maximum stress at critical section to the nominal stress.
14. Explain Size Factor In Endurance Strength?
Size factor is used to consider the effect of the size on endurance strength. A large size object will have more defects compared to a small one. So, endurance strength is reduced. If K is the size factor, then
Actual endurance strength = Theoretical endurance limit x K
15. Explain Griffith Theory. (or) State The Condition For Crack Growth?
A crack can propagate if the energy release rate of crack is greater than crack resistance.
16. What Are The Modes Of Fracture?
The different the modes of fractures are:
Mode I (Opening mode) – Displacement is normal to crack surface.
Mode II (Sliding mode) – Displacement is in the plane of the plate.
Mode III (Tearing mode) – Out of plane shear.
17. What Are The Factors To Be Considered In The Selection Of Materials For A Machine Element?
While selecting a material for a machine element, the following factors are to be considered
Required material properties
Manufacturing ease
Material availability
Cost
18. What Are Various Theories Of Failure?
The failure theories are:
Maximum principal stress theory.
Maximum shear stress theory.
Maximum principal strain theory.
19. List Out The Factors Involved In Arriving At Factor Of Safety?
The factors involved in arriving at factor of safety are:
Material properties
Nature of loads
Presence of localized stresses
Mode of failures
20. Give Some Methods Of Reducing Stress Concentration?
Some of the methods are:
Avoiding sharp corners.
Providing fillets.
Use of multiple holes instead of single hole
Undercutting the shoulder parts.
21. Explain Notch Sensitivity. State The Relation Between Stress Concentration Factor And Notch Sensitivity?
Notch sensitivity (q) is the degree to which the theoretical effect of stress concentration is actually reached.
The relation is, Kf = 1 + q (Kt-1)
22. What Are The Factors That Affect Notch Sensitivity?
The factors effecting notch sensitivity are:
Material
Notch radius
Size of component
Type of loading
Grain Structure
23. What Is The Use Of Goodman & Soderberg Diagrams?
They are used to solve the problems of variable stresses.
24. Define Mach Inability?
It is the property of the material, which refers to a relative ease with which a material can be cut. It is measured in a number of ways such as comparing the tool life for cutting different material.
25. What Is An S-n Curve?
N curve has fatigue stress on ‘Y’ axis and number of loading cycles in ‘X’ axis. It is used to find the fatigue stress value corresponding to a given number of cycles.
26. What Is Curved Beam?
In curved beam the neutral axis does not coincide with the centroidal axis.
27. Give Some Example For Curved Beam?
C frame, crane hook.
28. What Is Principle Stress And Principle Plane?
A plane which has no shear stress is called principle plane the corresponding stress is called principle stress.
29. Write The Bending Equation?
The bending moment equation is, M/I = f/y= E/R,
Where,
M – Bending moment (M is in N-mm)
I - Moment of inertia about centroidal axis (I is in mm4)
f – Bending Stress (f is in N/mm²)
y - Distance from neutral axis (y is in mm)
E - Young’s modulus (E is in N/mm²)
R - Radius of curvature (R is in mm)
30. Write The Torsion Equation?
The torsional equation is, T/J = q/r = G?/L
Where,
T – Torsional moment (T is in N-mm)
J - Polar moment of inertia (J is in mm4)
q – Shear stress in the element (q is in N/mm²)
r - Distance of element from centre of shaft (r is in mm)
G- Modulus of Rigidity (G is in N/mm²)
? – Angle of twist (? is in radians)
L – Length of the shaft (L is in mm)
31. What Are The Common Profiles Used For Splines In Machine Elements?
The profiles used for splines in machine elements are straight sided splines, triangular splines and in volute splines.
32. What Type Of Threads Are Used For Pressure Tight Joints And For Power Transmission?
Pipe threads are used for pressure tight joints and square threads for power transmission.
33. How Computer Helps In Designing?
Computer is able to store lot of information and same can be retrieved fast.
It performs calculations very fast. The design can be visualized on screen and any alterations made and its effects clearly seen. Thus optimum designs can be achieved much faster and these are thoroughly tested from all angles.
34. Can You Tell Something About Hazop Study?
In Hazop (Hazards and operatibility) study each and every conceivable process deviation from normal operating condition of a system having identical design intention, is thoroughly analysed for causes and consequence and required action plan to mitigate hazard/operability problems are suggested on the basis of available protective system.
35. Why Slenderness Ratio Is Considered In Design Of Members?
When length of the member is increased, the member may fail due to buckling even though the member is symmetrical in all respects and the load is concentric.
36. What Do You Mean By Allowance In Limits And Fits?
Allowance in limits and fits refers to maximum clearance between shaft and hole.
37. A Wire Rope Is Designated As 6 X 19 Standard Hoisting. What Do The Numbers 6 X 19 Represent?
Number of strands x number of wires in each strand.
38. Why A Sleeve Is Fitted On A Ball Bearing?
To prevent relative axial movement between the shaft and the bearing.
39. What Is The Constant Factor In Case Of R-10 Series Of Preferred Numbers?
1.25
40. On What Basis A Transmission Shaft Subjected To Bending Loads Must Be Designed?
Maximum shear stress theory.
41. In Designing A Clutch Plate, What Assumption Is Made?
Uniform wear condition is assumed because it leads to safer design.
42. The Critical Speed Of Rotating Shaft Depends Upon What?
Mass and stiffness.
43. What Is The Empirical Formula Used To Give The Number Of Bolts In Flange Coupling?
n = 0.2d + 3
44. How The Size Of The Gearis Usually Specified?
By pitch circle diameter.
45. While Taking A Turn, What Action Differential Makes?
An increase in the speed of the outer wheel.
46. Rankine’s And Guest’s Theory Of Failure Are Applicable For What Materials?
Rankine’s theory of failure is applicable for brittle materials. Guest’s theory of failure is applicable for ductile materials.
47. What Is The Main Purpose Of A Gear Box In A Vehicle?
To vary the torque at the road vehicles.
48. What Is Endurance Limit?
Endurance limit or fatigue limit is the maximum stress that a member can with stand for an infinite number of load applications without failure when subjected to completely reversed loading.
49. For Tight Leakage Joints, Which Type Of Thread Is Best Suited?
NPT( National Pipe Threads)
50. A Bench Vice Has Which Type Of Thread?
ACME
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